前言
大家好,这里是 CSS 兼 WebGL 魔法使——alphardex。
上周末刚在原神里抽到了“火花骑士”可莉,于是就心血来潮,想用 three.js 来实现一种火系的特效,不是炸弹的爆炸,而是炸弹爆炸后在草上留下的火花效果
游戏里的效果相对比较卡通化,而本文的效果将更加逼近现实一点
让我们开始吧!
准备工作
在开始本项目之前,你首先要了解 ray marching 这个概念,如果不了解也没关系,笔者之前写过一篇介绍它的入门文章,或者通过这篇文章也可以入门,掌握了基础概念后就可以开始了
本项目需要用到:
笔者的three.js 模板:点击右下角的 fork 即可复制一份
着色器模块化:glslify
着色器 npm 包:glsl-noise
,glsl-sdf-primitives
,glsl-sdf-ops
正文
场景搭建
按之前的惯例,搭建一个场景,放一个铺满屏幕的平面,设定一些必要的参数(火花的速度与颜色)
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| class RayMarchingFire extends Base { constructor(sel: string, debug: boolean) { super(sel, debug); this.clock = new THREE.Clock(); this.cameraPosition = new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1); this.params = { velocity: 2, }; this.colorParams = { color1: "#ff801a", color2: "#ff5718", }; } init() { this.createScene(); this.createOrthographicCamera(); this.createRenderer(); this.createRayMarchingFireMaterial(); this.createPlane(); this.createLight(); this.trackMousePos(); this.addListeners(); this.setLoop(); } createRayMarchingFireMaterial() { const rayMarchingFireMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ vertexShader: rayMarchingFireVertexShader, fragmentShader: rayMarchingFireFragmentShader, side: THREE.DoubleSide, uniforms: { uTime: { value: 0, }, uMouse: { value: new THREE.Vector2(0, 0), }, uResolution: { value: new THREE.Vector2(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight), }, uVelocity: { value: 3, }, uColor1: { value: new THREE.Color(this.colorParams.color1), }, uColor2: { value: new THREE.Color(this.colorParams.color2), }, }, }); this.rayMarchingFireMaterial = rayMarchingFireMaterial; this.shaderMaterial = rayMarchingFireMaterial; } createPlane() { const geometry = new THREE.PlaneBufferGeometry(2, 2, 100, 100); const material = this.rayMarchingFireMaterial; this.createMesh({ geometry, material, }); } update() { const elapsedTime = this.clock.getElapsedTime(); const mousePos = this.mousePos; if (this.rayMarchingFireMaterial) { this.rayMarchingFireMaterial.uniforms.uTime.value = elapsedTime; this.rayMarchingFireMaterial.uniforms.uMouse.value = mousePos; } } }
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接下来开始编写片元着色器
创建发光渐变椭圆
仔细观察火花的形状你会发现其实它的大致形状像一个椭圆,而且还是发光的渐变椭圆,于是我们就要想办法来创建这种形状。
简要说下思路:ray marching 获取的值改成光线位置 pos 和光线移动的进度 strength,光线位置的 y 轴将用于设定火花的颜色;光线移动的进度 strength 用于设定火花的形状(这里就是椭圆)
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| #pragma glslify:centerUv=require(../modules/centerUv) #pragma glslify:getRayDirection=require(../modules/getRayDirection) #pragma glslify:sdSphere=require(glsl-sdf-primitives/sdSphere) #pragma glslify:opU=require(glsl-sdf-ops/union) #pragma glslify:cnoise=require(glsl-noise/classic/3d)
uniform float uTime; uniform vec2 uMouse; uniform vec2 uResolution; uniform float uVelocity; uniform vec3 uColor1; uniform vec3 uColor2;
varying vec2 vUv; varying vec3 vPosition;
float fire(vec3 p){ vec3 p2=p*vec3(1.,.5,1.)+vec3(0.,1.,0.); float geo=sdSphere(p2,1.); float result=geo; return result; }
vec2 sdf(vec3 p){ float result=opU(abs(fire(p)),-(length(p)-100.)); float objType=1.; return vec2(result,objType); }
vec4 rayMarch(vec3 eye,vec3 ray){ float depth=0.; float strength=0.; float eps=.02; vec3 pos=eye; for(int i=0;i<64;i++){ pos+=depth*ray; float dist=sdf(pos).x; depth=dist+eps; if(dist>0.){ strength=float(i)/64.; } } return vec4(pos,strength); }
void main(){ vec2 p=centerUv(vUv,uResolution); p=p*vec2(1.6,-1);
vec3 ro=vec3(0.,-2.,4.); vec3 ta=vec3(0.,-2.5,-1.5); float fl=1.25; vec3 rd=getRayDirection(p,ro,ta,fl);
vec3 color=vec3(0.);
vec4 result=rayMarch(ro,rd);
float strength=pow(result.w*2.,4.); vec3 ellipse=vec3(strength); color=ellipse;
gl_FragColor=vec4(color,1.); }
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centerUv.glsl
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| vec2 centerUv(vec2 uv,vec2 resolution){ uv=2.*uv-1.; float aspect=resolution.x/resolution.y; uv.x*=aspect; return uv; }
#pragma glslify:export(centerUv);
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getRayDirection.glsl
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| #pragma glslify:setCamera=require(./setCamera)
vec3 getRayDirection(vec2 p,vec3 ro,vec3 ta,float fl){ mat3 ca=setCamera(ro,ta,0.); vec3 rd=ca*normalize(vec3(p,fl)); return rd; }
#pragma glslify:export(getRayDirection)
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setCamera.glsl
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| mat3 setCamera(in vec3 ro,in vec3 ta,float cr) { vec3 cw=normalize(ta-ro); vec3 cp=vec3(sin(cr),cos(cr),0.); vec3 cu=normalize(cross(cw,cp)); vec3 cv=(cross(cu,cw)); return mat3(cu,cv,cw); }
#pragma glslify:export(setCamera)
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用噪声生成火花
接下来就对这个椭圆应用上噪声(这里选了传统噪声,为了更好看的外观,也可以选择其他的噪声)
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| float fire(vec3 p){ vec3 p2=p*vec3(1.,.5,1.)+vec3(0.,1.,0.); float geo=sdSphere(p2,1.); float displacement=uTime*uVelocity; vec3 displacementY=vec3(.0,displacement,.0); float noise=(cnoise(p+displacementY))*p.y*.4; float result=geo+noise; return result; }
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莫名感觉像黑魂 3 里的芙莉德修女的黑焰,尽管这样也很 cool,我们还是给它加上颜色,让它更像现实中的火花
给火花加上颜色
将颜色通过 mix 函数混合起来(强度是光线位置的 y 轴),和之前的颜色相乘即可
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| void main(){ ...
float fireBody=result.y/64.; vec3 mixColor=mix(uColor1,uColor2,fireBody); color*=mixColor;
gl_FragColor=vec4(color,1.); }
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项目地址
Ray Marching Fire